The future from here »the author of the whole History of Sapiens called the world crisis. On "Coronal Calamity" and "Environmental problems" from the Perspective of historians

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This time, the world's most influential intellectual, Professor Juwal Noah Harari.The book "Sapiens Full History", which was published in 2011 from the primitive era, was translated into 65 languages, a tremendous hit over about 21 million copies worldwide.

In addition, "21 Lessons", which depicts humanity, produces about 5 million copies, and "Homo Deus" depicting the future of mankind produces about 9 million copies (all published from Kawade Shobo Shinsha). ing.

Where do Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates declare as fans, where do this chaotic world go?

◆ Possibility of becoming the last pandemic in history

On November 9th, the new "Manga Sapiens Full History Civilization" has been released and has become a hot topic, but how did Professor Harari think about why his books have been accepted globally?Are you there?

"Sapiens is the history of all over the world, the history of all humanity. It's not the past 1000 or 2000, but the history since the birth of mankind. We live in a global world.In order to understand yourself, you need to understand the history of all mankind.

In many countries, schools are still studying only the history of their country, the people, and the religions of the country.It is not enough to understand what is happening in the 21st century. "

Professor Harari should look back on the past history in order to know the future.He has a historian -like perspective on the new Coronavirus, which has been rampant in recent years.

"The infectious diseases are not new in the history of mankind. This started with agricultural reform. Before agriculture, it was a hunting and collection society, so I lived in a group of 20, 50, or about 100 people and moved regularly.I was collecting fruits such as hunting, fishing, and berry, but at that time I did not suffer from infectious diseases.

Even if one is infected with a wild animal to a virus, it will only infect 20 to 50 people living in the same hut, so this number will not cause a disease.

However, since the first time in agriculture, many people have lived densely.The population increased, the connection with people increased, the population density increased, and as the history evolved, the infectious disease worsened. "

Many people think that the expansion of corona's evils was due to the increase in movement due to globalization, but there were cases in which infectious diseases spread before the advancement of technology began.

"The pandemic was globally globaled in a century ago. It was not due to airplanes, but black death spread to Asia, Europe and Africa long before airplanes and trains were developed."

In the past, there were infectious diseases that were spread globally, but humanity developed treatments such as vaccines with the times and shared that information globally.He has overcome infectious diseases.

"Taking a pandemic (a new colon virus) pandemic, the vaccine that my home country, Israeli, is not developed by my own scientists. Developed by a German company founded by Turkish immigrants.I did, but I didn't say, "I don't want to hit Turkish vaccines, wait until Israel vaccine is developed."I care for the people. "

On the other hand, as a countermeasure for new colonoviruses, the world has revolted a global movement of rockdown and movement restrictions.These can produce the worst results in the future.

"Generally speaking, there is no global leadership, and there is no global action plan. Even after pandemic, global actions such as how to prevent pandemic on a global scale and respond to economic recovery.There is no plan.

Still, it is necessary to recognize that (global cooperation) is not impossible.If you start to think that your cooperation is impossible, you will become more self -centered, and human beings will only be in war and competition.

I don't know what will happen in the future, but the tension of the new colona may increase, the world may be further divided, and a new World War may occur.But if we understand the true national interest, there is not only one option.

When you think about the new colon virus, you can positively evaluate the fact that humanity has been able to understand how to stop pandemic for the first time in history.Scientists have found a new disease in just two weeks, and then found a way to prevent infection in a short period of time, and have developed valid vaccines.

Next is how to use the tool, which is the role of a politician, but politicians have not played their role.

We hope that humanity will learn from this crisis that it requires more global cooperation in a better form to confirm the existence of pandemic and prevent the spread of infection.If we have political wisdom, the new Coronavirus may be the last pandemic in history. "

◆ Technology may cause the worst dictatorship in human history

Israel, where Professor Halari lives, is one of the countries that promptly responded to the new Coronavirus measures.A powerful monitoring system has been built, such as diverting the method of anti -terrorism, tracking the location from the communication information of the infected mobile phone and the use record of the credit card.Professor Harari fears that the surveillance socialization accelerated by Corona's evil will proceed further.

"The people do not need to sacrifice democracy to protect their health, and there is no need to sacrifice privacy or freedom. Dictators choose between health, privacy or freedom."It is wrong, but this is wrong. Both should be enjoyed, and good governments provide good health care and at the same time protect the privacy and freedom of the people.

Humans are often lazy, so they are sometimes attracted to extreme choices.It is easier to make an extreme choice than to find a balance.In your life, you need to find a balance between work and at home, but it may be difficult to find a balance.

Life is difficult, so you need to learn how to improve.The same is true for health and privacy.Good governments can provide both, but in other countries, there have been very concerns about the past one or two years.

In modern times, for the first time in history, technologies are not only "monitoring behavior" of those who meet and where they go, but also inside the body and monitoring emotions and thoughts.This is what the dictator always dreamed of. "

Until now, "monitoring" has been performed from the outside of the body, such as the history of using cameras and the Internet.However, it is now commonplace to obtain health information such as blood pressure and pulse from terminals such as smartwatches, and monitoring from inside the body is being performed.

And Professor Harari believes that in the near future, when the internal information of the body will be monitored by even human emotions.

"Now, computer technology can analyze these (body information) signals better than humans.I think this is quite slow.

When I was 15 or 16 years old, I was confused, but I didn't realize that I was gay.People often do not realize important things about themselves.And in the near future, technology may know our inside before we.

Again, technology can be used for good purpose, such as providing better healthcare.However, it can cause the worst one -party dictatorship in human history.

Some countries, such as Iran, Ghana, and Uganda, still regard homosexuality as a crime.What happens if technology can be identified as homosexuals before the person notices?

Surveillance systems and AI may build the worst one -party dictatorship in human history.On the other hand, it is also possible to build the best society in human history. "

"Bidrotism" is important in order to prevent surveillance socialization as technology evolves.

"The important thing is that it should strengthen the individual surveillance system, and at the same time, the monitoring system of governments and large companies should be strengthened. The problem in the country of the dictatorship is not a severe surveillance system, but the balance between the two -way.The monitoring is one -way without it.

If you want to strengthen the surveillance system, you must be two -way.If the nation strengthens my data collection, I will also strengthen the national data collection. "

◆ "Donald Trump is not a true" patriotist ""

One of the problems that triggered the corona in relation to the two -forth of power and monitoring is the balance between "individual freedom" and "public welfare."As the number of infected people has continued to increase around the world, China and others contain infected people in rockdown, but Professor Harari warns on this powerful policy.

"Democracy can change with the times, have a great ability to reform themselves, and is a great strength. On the other hand, some people say that dictators are better. If they are dictators, they are alone.Just speaking, everything is decided, and the whole country can lock down. It seems more efficient, but there is a problem.

The real and biggest problem of dictatorship is that no one is perfect in the world, and anyone makes mistakes.It is very difficult to admit the fact that the dictator or dictatorship made a mistake.

They do not try to change their actions, and people cannot change the administration.This brings a catastrophe.

On the other hand, democracy, on the other hand, even if the government makes mistakes and trying to hide it, newspapers and television have freedom to report, so people can know that the government has made mistakes.

But no one can survey everything alone.So how do you trust information?Trust the publishers and trust universities and newspapers that publish papers and books.The key to maintaining the trust of society is to investigate and report independent institutions without being affected by government control or operation.And it should be maintained by paying any price of such an institution. "

The crisis of democracy, which seems to have been visualized by the Corona evil, has actually been advanced.Former President Donald Trump, President Donald Trump, who claimed to be a "patriotist", explains the true meaning of the true "patriotism".

"People misunderstand true" patriotism "and true" self -ismism ". Taking Donald Trump as an example, he calls himself a" great American patriotist. "I did it. Because I preached anti -country, anti -minority, and anti -immigrants.

But this is not a true patriotism.Patrioticism is to pay honest tax so that people in their country can receive good education and medical care.This is the purpose of tax payment.

According to the report, a great American patriot paid only $ 750 in the first year, when he became the president.That's amazing.Resting taxes despite being a billionaire and president is not patriotism, but an act that is exactly against patriotism.

We witnessed democracy in the US Trump administration.He was expelled because he took irresponsible action in the Corona crisis.In this way, democracy is always better. "

In recent years, it is difficult to solve environmental problems with "SDGs" as keywords in democracy.How does Professor Harari think?

"The issue is not democracy or dictators, the issue is global cooperation, and the world's problems are not only at a level that can be solved in a country, and it doesn't matter what the government is.

For example, in a country, climate change is a serious problem, and you have a dictator because democracy cannot be solved.The dictator declares that all power plants have been closed to zero emissions.But that doesn't solve the problem.It's just a country story.

As long as other countries continue to make the wrong policy, even if the country that is completely destroyed by climate change is completely destroyed, it will not be solved.It is not a matter of each country's system, but it is important how countries can cooperate.An important point that you should not forget is that if you can cooperate with global, we can prevent catastrophic climate change. "

"(Environmental issues) are one of the most difficult problems, and their solutions are left to our decisions.Open and prevent catastrophic climate change. It is good for us and other animals and earth to be able to build a more recovering and environmentally friendly society.

If you make a mistake and do not invest in the necessary investment and do not cause the necessary changes, it will cause catastrophic consequences to most animals on human and earth.I don't know what will happen, but I hope you make a smart choice. "

In this chaotic world, how does Professor Harari look at the future 10 or 20 years later?

"I'm not sure. I think the interesting thing about the present era is that nobody can predict what will happen in the world for the first time in history. For example, what to teach children. Running agriculture.If you are there, you will teach rice planting. It is necessary in 20 years. If you are a noble class or a warrior, you will teach your son how to shoot and shoot a bow. It is necessary in 20 years.

But now I can't predict at all.Twenty years later, what is the employment situation?What is the army?What is the family structure?The only thing that is certain is that the world has changed much more than today.Because the speed of change accelerates, the most necessary skills for young people of the next generation are flexible. "

If a historian Professor Harari makes a history textbook, how will this Corona era draw?

"Write" Age of choice ". Humanity faces a enormous crisis and must make difficult decisions. But we still have power and have government agencies. Proceed to the conflict.Whether to choose a direction or to choose the cooperation, do you choose a direction to go to dictatorship or overallism, or move in the direction of democracy that gives the people?

There is no description about it yet.History is not deterministic.Our choices in the next few months or several years will determine what kind of future we and descendants can enjoy. "

* Related information: "The future project from here"