2021 China's Top 10 Scientific Progress Released! This area has been completed _Books_Sina Technology_Sina Network

1 Mars Exploration Mission Tengu No. 1 probe successfully landed on Mars

On May 15th, 2021, at 7:18, Tennou-1 probe successfully landed on Mars, and successfully landed on Mars exploration mission of our country.

Recruited mission "air speed reduction - speed reduction - power reduction - arrival deceleration" Four-tiered connection speed technology route, construction completed design change process and multi-disciplinary comprehensive improvement method, submission completion system response to failure conditions for entering the factory Critical safety landing capability.

Tianluo No. 1 explorer landed on Mars, this is our country's first foreign star landing, we have left, an important step in our country's star exploration expedition, we have reached the planetary system from the earth, and we have arrived on Mars. The impression of the Chinese people that our country has become the second successful landing country on Mars, which is a significant progress in the development of our country's aviation business and a certain milestone.

2 China Space Station Tianhe Core Ship successfully launched, Shenzhou 12, No. 13 passenger aircraft successfully launched and successfully completed interview with Tianhe Core Ship

On April 29, 2021, the Wenchang Aerospace Launch Center in Hainan, China Space Station Tianhe Core Center, was launched into the sky. The launch of the Tianhe Core Ship was successful, and the Chinese space station construction and full-scale implementation stage was completed.

June 17th, Shenzhou 12th passenger plane was successfully launched, and the successful completion of the Tianhe Core Ship was completed. After the launch, the first passenger will meet on the flight. Our country's passenger aeronautical flight departure test stage, the beginning of the realization of the airport shuttle, our country's official arrival airport station era.

October 16th, Shenzhou No. 13 passenger plane was successfully launched, and successfully adopted the voluntary rapid exchange meeting model, and was connected to the Tianhe core ship radial end, Shun Li General Zhizhi, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu sent the third-ranked aircraft to the sky. ，I've completed the meeting of the main ship in the air space in our country.

3 artificial synthesis

Salt powder is the most important component of food, and it is also an important industrial raw material. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Biotechnology, Ma Yanhe, etc. 11-step core reaction Synthesis of artificial astringent powder (ASAP), which is the reaction between chemical and biological reactions, has been completed in the laboratory Stain powder molecular synthetic total synthesis.

Through the process from the beginning of the design process, the synthesis of the unnatural route, the use of the modeling reaction, the protein process means, the solution of the calculation system, the heat dynamics, the generational flow balance, and the suppression of the by-products, etc., have been overcome. Problems such as listening evolution.

ASAP secondary chemical conversion to starch powder molecular speed: 22 nmol, 8.5 times faster than rice powder synthesis speed; 3.5 times as much as agricultural products, and it is possible to synthesize directly and directly into the soil.

This result is not dependent on plant photosynthesis, which has been achieved by artificial total synthesis.

4

Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geophysics and Geophysics, Li Xianhua, Wei Wei, Hu Sen, Lin Zhenghe, National Astronomical Observatory of China A detailed chronological, petrogeochemical and rock water content study was carried out on the volcanic basalts of Chang'e No. 5.

Results indicate that Chang'e No. 5 basalt was formed 20.30 ± 0.04 million years ago, and confirmed lunar volcanic activity lasted 20 million years. The result of this is the key point in providing the retirement age, the accuracy of the retirement age of the solar system stellar surface within the wide range of heights.

Research shows Chang'e No. 5 basaltic lunar source area, not rich in radioactive heat-generating element water, heat sources that provide exclusion of radioactive elements, water-rich and low-melting point two kinds of lunar melting mechanism, for the future lunar sphere We have submitted a new direction for investigation and research.

5 Shows SARS-CoV-2 anti-disease poison substance mechanism

Continuously presenting anti-disease measures such as anti-infectives, neutralizing antibodies, etc. against the current new corona virus outbreaks, it is a tough challenge, and the demand development is effective in response to each type of outbreak.

During the life cycle, a supramolecular mechanism that forms a series of pathogenic anti-repressive mechanisms, "anti-repressive combination", the whole process of repressing harmful diseases, and high maintenance during various types of emergencies, so development and resistance The core point of the disease.

Lu Zhiyong, Tsinghua University, Kazuyo Kazuyo, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Takayan et al. Its work machine system.

Indicated the perfect structural formula for the novel coronary disease toxin-recovery mechanism; Providing safe anti-disease drugs, all new points; , Because it is a combination of anti-disease and toxic substances, it depends on science.

Fast Blast (FRB) is the most brilliant explosion in the universe. FRB 121102 is the first heavy-duty rapid-fire electric shock of human beings, Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatory Li Feng, etc. "Chinese Celestial Eye" FAST successfully captured End 1652 high-fidelity explosion signal, the largest set of Fed explosion incidents about to be organized.

Research and development FRB explosion rate existence special expedition capacity E0=4.8x1037 erg; Two functions, the expansion of the strong radiation possible correlation process.

FAST ruled out FRB 121102 Explosions are periodic or quasi-periodic within a second to a short period of time.

This research project has been completed by the Fed, and the basic physics of the Fed has been shown in depth.

How to pass through the design new structure (such as a separate battery) to meet the requirements for the development of high integration and flexibility in electronic products, which is a major challenge in the field of separate batteries.

Peng Hui-chun of Fudan University, Chen Bui-Ning et al., developed a unique hyperbolic polynomial function relationship between the length of the block in the battery, and the length of the block increases or decreases, and after the decrease, it is determined.

Based on this theoretical guidance, the battery has excellent and promising electrochemical performance, and the capacity density has been raised to nearly 2, and the capacity retention rate exceeds 80% after bending 100,000. The first is the production line of the secondary battery, which has been completed and coordinated.

8 Quantum parade of ``Sochu No.'', a unique super-leading processor

Quantum traversal is a continuation of Quantum Mechanics Modeling, Quantum Quantum Modeling, Quantum Search Algorithm or General Quantum Computational Tools.

University of Science and Technology of China Zhu Xiaobo, Pan Jianwei, etc. through research and development of flat engineering three-wire drawing technology, completed quantum ratio special construction from one to two developments, design and production completed 62 comparatively special composition 8 x 8 Two structural superconducting quantum ratio feature series, built "Sochu No." quantum computing prototype machine, through which the device performs highly reliable single-particle sum double-particle coupling time quantum travel.

Using quantum processing equipment with high degree of complexity, the quantum ratio has been achieved, and the particle path diameter has been precisely controlled.

This work is the achievement of super advanced quantum computation area with over 60 public ratio characteristics released in the world wide range, and the high-precision quantum control ability of the special system of high-precision quantum control ability, which includes the voice medium-scale quantum ratio, is the second, In practice, "quantum computing superiority" has been established.

9 self-provided electric machine person success challenge

High-strength metal pressure-resistant outer shell or pressure-relief system for deep-sea equipment.

Zhejiang University Lee Tie-Feng, etc. Deep Sea Lionfish "Head bone dispersal fusion in the organization" This one physiological characteristic provides a sense of life, showing that the internal function of the human functional device breaks down and drives out under extreme pressure in the deep sea; Submitted Hard device dispersive fusion machine body real stress control method, suitable for deep sea low temperature, high pressure environmental electric drive artificial skin fusion production method;

Institute's self-supplied electric vehicle successful challenge, completed 10900 US deep submarine operation, 3224 US actual deep sea navigation below the sea level in the South Sea. This research has significantly reduced the human weight of deep sea equipment and the volume of the book, and the application of the human body equipment in the deep sea engineering area.

10

"How did the creatures develop and how did they develop?" This is one of the 125 most challenging scientific problems in Science.

Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhangxiangjiang Institute of Zoology 12 years ago, number of tracking stars used For short-distance trips, east for long-distance trips.

At the end of the next ice age, in the process of holocaust destruction, the disappearance of ice rivers led to breeding and wintering ground changes, which could be the main cause of the formation of the long-distance route.

Research has been published on long-distance flight carrier ADCY8 priority ranking factors, which factors are related to long-term memory formation, and can be expressed as long-distance important factors.

These research links are related to the tracking of distant planets, etiological anatomy, neurobiology, etc., and the method of consistent analysis through a multidisciplinary approach.

"Chinese Science Ten Great Developments" Selected Activities Due to the High Technology Research and Development Center (Basic Research Management Center) of the Ministry of Science and Technology China's major foundational research and scientific progress, encouragement of great science and technology workers' scientific enthusiasm and dedication spirit, development foundation research science popularization, promotion of public understanding, concern and support foundation research, all over the world building a good scientific circle.

Recommendation for the selection process of the ten major developments in Chinese science, the first selection and the final selection of the three sections. In 2021, 310 scientific research progresses, all of which are recommended From December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021 Formal publication or final research results.

In December 2021, the Ministry of Science and Technology's high-tech research and development center (basic research management center) was summoned. progress progress selection. Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Director of the National Key Research Institute, National Key Research Institute Development Project Manager, Original 973 Program Director, Chief Scientist, etc. 3500 the rest Ranked 10th place in 2021 China's Top 10 Scientific Advances in Science by voting on the internet for the 30 best-known academic scholars.